Jurassic Park IV (2005) – Lost Projects

Before 2015’s Jurassic World brought dinosaurs back to the silver screen in the form of a glossy soft reboot, an earlier, radically different concept was drawn up for the fourth instalment of the franchise, with the aptly titled; Jurassic Park IV, set for release in mid-2005. This scrapped, now-long-forgotten sequel would’ve taken the series in a bold and contentious direction, concentrating its narrative on a crazed storyline revolving around genetically engineered dinosaur-human hybrids being deployed worldwide as weaponised combatants by a sinister organisation. While this ludicrous idea did reach the concept art and early scripting stages, the project was ultimately discarded, with executives fearing it would undermine the cinematic legacy and relatively grounded tone of the franchise’s earlier instalments, relegating the unproduced film to become an obscure yet fascinating piece of the franchise’s history, following the success of the 1993 classic that began its journey.

From the information currently available, this hybrid storyline seemingly first came about as a result of esteemed director and the series’ executive producer Steven Spielberg’s supposed dissatisfaction with the prior entry in the franchise; Jurassic Park III (2001), wanting the subsequent sequel to be more daring and worthy of being part of the renowned franchise, hence the jump towards more outrageous concepts. The previously mentioned hybrids were to be intelligent, humanoid, combat-capable creatures that blended human and dinosaur physiology. Among the early illustrations was a Triceratops hybrid, a fully upright, green-skinned creature with humanoid proportions, three toes on each foot and one prominent horn atop its head, the other broken. A Tyrannosaurus Rex hybrid, which stood upright like a human and bore reddish-brown and charcoal-black skin, retaining the creature’s stubby, two-fingered hands, now with more muscular, human-like arms. And, lastly, a Velociraptor hybrid, which went through numerous iterations, with concept artist Carlos Huante, who developed many of the designs, once referring to the creature as the “Raptor-Man” in a since-deleted post on Instagram. Depicting the creature as agile and lean with a humanoid frame augmented by raptor-like features, the Velociraptor hybrid was perhaps the most unsettling of the early designs, blurring the line between futuristic horror and evolutionary fantasy, with one design even bearing a high-tech weapon on its left arm.

Carlos Huante later claimed that the concept of the dinosaur-human hybrids was shut down almost immediately after Steven Spielberg and executives at Amblin Entertainment reviewed the artwork, as they believed the idea strayed too far from the franchise’s core identity, shifting its focus from scientific plausibility and natural wonder to over-the-top, militarised science fiction. Nevertheless, whether intentional or not, the first public hint of this odd creative decision came in October 2003, when palaeontologist and longtime franchise dinosaur consultant Jack Horner appeared on Minnesota Public Radio. In response to a caller’s question regarding the speculative “Dinosauroid,” a hypothetical, intelligent descendant of the omnivore Troodon, a relatively small, bird-like theropod, Horner cryptically answered that the caller should; “Keep Thinking About That for a Couple of Years,” adding; “Go See Jurassic Park IV,” suggesting the franchise would explore the notion of dinosaur evolution.

Interestingly, despite this concept of dinosaur-human hybrids eventually being axed along with this iteration of the series’ fourth instalment, a similar idea had actually appeared during Universal Studios’ Halloween Horror Nights in 2002, an annual scare event often featuring well-known franchises from the horror and sci-fi genres, within the attraction; Project Evilution. In the story of the tropical jungle-themed scare maze, Dr. Burton, a deranged InGen scientist, had conducted twisted experiments, mixing human and dinosaur DNA to create dinosaur-human hybrids that would terrorise visitors, which may have influenced or prefigured many of the illustrations that emerged during the development of Jurassic Park IV.

Outside of the central dinosaur-human hybrid concept, the story of Jurassic Park IV would have focused on ex-Navy Seal Nick Harris, as he is covertly enlisted by John Hammond to travel to the now-restricted island of Isla Nublar to locate Dennis Nedry’s missing canister of dinosaur embryos, lost during the events of Jurassic Park (1993). After landing on the island, avoiding threats and recovering the canister, however, Nick would be captured and taken to an archaic castle in the Swiss Alps. There, Baron Herman Von Drax, the CEO of the corrupt organisation, the Grendel Corporation, would reveal they had created dinosaur hybrids that partially shared DNA with both humans and domestic dogs, which Von Drax had supposedly found a way to control utilising radio signals. From there, the rest of the story follows Nick as he is forced to train the dinosaur-human hybrids to obey Von Drax further, concluding with Nick obtaining complete control of the hybrids, leading to a gigantic action sequence where the carnivorous creatures chase down Von Drax, some even sporting bulletproof armour.

In summary, though shelved, this sequel and, by extension, the notion of dinosaur-human hybrids, remain one of the most absurd yet intriguing ‘what-if’ chapters in the franchise’s history. And, whilst this rendition of Jurassic Park IV never came to fruition, many of its concepts actually did via the eventual, aforementioned soft-reboot; Jurassic World, converting the idea of dinosaur-human hybrids to Jurassic World scientists combining various strands of dinosaur/animal DNA in an attempt to manufacture a formidable, marketable beast, inadvertently resulting in blood-thirsty creatures like the Indominus Rex and the Indoraptor, the latter of which even maintaining the idea of being used as a weapon, but in a manner that felt more grounded in the world established by earlier franchise installments. Additionally, protagonist Nick Harris shares several similarities with Chris Pratt’s ensuing character, Owen Grady, with the two not only sharing the same military background, but also serving as trainers to a squad of carnivorous dinosaurs. Still, in my opinion, discarding this original storyline for the franchise’s fourth instalment was definitely a wise move, narrowly avoiding a creative decision that could have morphed the series into something laughably ludicrous and utterly unrecognisable from what it once was. 

Outstanding Original Scores in Cinema – Film List

I’ve always considered original scores to be a very underappreciated element of filmmaking, as many audience members rarely seem to take notice of the beautiful and indelible soundtracks that saturate many scenes throughout cinematic history. These scores serve an important purpose in audibly immersing the audience in a narrative via dramatic, unnerving or sorrowful tracks that evoke deep emotion inside them (even if they aren’t aware of it), greatly enhancing the cinematic experience. Here are some of my personal favourites…

Dune (2021) – Composer, Hanz Zimmer

Favourite Tracks: Herald of the Change, Ripples in the Sand

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Drive (2011) Composer, Cliff Martinez

Favourite Tracks: I Drive, Bride of Deluxe 

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Jaws (1975) Composer, John Williams

Favourite Tracks: Main Title and First Victim, End Titles

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Dunkirk (2016) – Composer, Hanz Zimmer

Favourite Tracks: The Mole, Supermarine

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WALL-E (2008) – Composer, Thomas Newman

Favourite Tracks: 72 Degrees and Sunny, Define Dancing

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Arrival (2016) – Composer, Jóhann Jóhannsson

Favourite Tracks: ArrivalKangaru

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Halloween (1978) – Composer, John Carpenter

Favourite Tracks: Halloween Theme – Main TitleMyer’s House

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Ratatouille (2007) – Composer, Michael Giacchino

Favourite Tracks: Ratatouille Main ThemeEnd Creditouilles

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Jurassic Park (1993) – Composer, John Williams

Favourite Tracks: Welcome to Jurassic Park, Journey to the Island

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The Neon Demon (2016) – Composer, Cliff Martinez

Favourite Tracks: The Neon Demon, Something’s in My Room

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A Ghost Story (2017) – Composer, Daniel Hart

Favourite Tracks: The Secret in the Wall, Safe Safe Safe

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Vertigo (1958) – Composer, Bernard Herrmann

Favourite Tracks: Prelude and Rooftop, Carlotta’s Portrait

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The Shape of Water (2017) – Composer, Alexandre Desplat

Favourite Tracks: The Shape of Water, Elisa’s Theme

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Nocturnal Animals (2016) – Composer, Abel Korzeniowski

Favourite Tracks: Revenge, City Lights

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Edward Scissorhands (1990) – Composer, Danny Elfman

Favourite Tracks: StorytimeIce Dance

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The Social Network (2010) – Composers, Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross

Favourite Tracks: In MotionPainted Sun in Abstract

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Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse (2018) – Composer, Daniel Pemberton

Favourite Tracks: Gimme the GooberSpider-Man Loves You

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Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (2001) – Composer, John Williams

Favourite Tracks: Hedwig’s Theme, Diagon Alley and the Gringotts Vault

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The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014) – Composer, Alexandre Desplat

Favourite Tracks: Mr. Moustafa, Daylight Express to Lutz

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The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966) – Composer, Ennio Morricone

Favourite Tracks: The Good, the Bad and the UglyThe Ecstasy of Gold

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Fantastic Mr. Fox (2009) – Composer, Alexandre Desplat

Favourite Tracks: Mr. Fox in the Fields, Jimmy Squirrel and Co.

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Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope (1977) – Composer, John Williams

Favourite Tracks: Main TitleThe Princess Appears

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Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse (2023) – Composer, Daniel Pemberton

Favourite Tracks: Spider-Woman (Gwen Stacy), Canon Event

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Blade Runner 2049 (2017) – Composers, Hans Zimmer and Benjamin Wallfisch

Favourite Tracks: Tears in the RainBlade Runner

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Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004) – Composer, Jon Brion

Favourite Tracks: Theme From Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, Bookstore

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Ten Film Facts You Should Know (Part One) – Film List

Cinema has always been full of surprises, particularly when it comes to the creation of certain projects, as fascinating stories often occur during the pre-production, production and post-production stages of iconic films (some intentional, others happy accidents), with many of these happenings eventually making it onto the silver screen or the furthest reaches of the internet, remaining a sheltered piece of film history. So, here are ten film facts you should know to expand your cinephile knowledge and triumph over your family and friends at your next trivia night.

A Ghost Story (2017)

During the production of the indie drama; A Ghost Story, for the prolonged shot in which her character eats a pie, several variations of pies were baked and tested in preparation for the scene. Actress Rooney Mara, a self-confessed picky eater, ultimately opted for a reduced-sugar, gluten-free vegan chocolate pie. Writer-director David Lowery claimed it was delicious, but Mara disagreed, declaring it tasted vile.

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Jurassic Park (1993)

Following the end of production on the iconic blockbuster; Jurassic Park, all the cast were given a Velociraptor model, signed by director Steven Spielberg, as a gift. The model looked rather frightening, so actress Ariana Richards positioned her model in her house to startle arriving guests. Actress Laura Dern, however, placed her model in her son’s room near his crib. But, when her son was older and witnessed it looking over him, he grew terrified of the model, forcing Dern to put the Velociraptor model into storage.

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Shrek (2001)

Originally, comedian Chris Farley was cast as the voice of the titular character in the animated smash-hit; Shrek, recording almost all of the character’s dialogue. However, after his sudden death in 1997, the role was given to his then-fellow Saturday Night Live performer, Mike Myers. As such, Shrek’s air quotes in the film are a homage to one of Farley’s most well-known characters, Bennett Brauer, who commonly used air quotes. A story reel featuring a sample of Farley’s recorded dialogue was eventually leaked to the public in 2015.

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Toy Story 2 (1999)

Whilst working on the sequel to the cherished animated flick; Toy Story, released in 1995, one of the animators accidentally entered the code; “rm *,” which, when entered, deletes everything on the computer as fast as possible. As a result, the team behind Toy Story 2 lost roughly 90% of the film. Fortunately, supervising technical director, Galyn Susman, had recently had a child, so she took a copy of the film home with her so she could work from home, allowing the team to cover the extra copy in blankets and drive it back to Pixar Animation Studios, where they were able to recover the majority of the film.

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Halloween (1978)

In the original screenplay for the horror classic; Halloween, then-titled; The Babysitter Murders, the events of the story took place over several days. Due to the filmmakers only possessing a budget of around £260,000, however, it was ultimately a budgetary decision to change the screenplay to have everything occur on the same day, reducing the number of costume changes and locations required. Furthermore, it was decided that Halloween, the scariest night of the year, was the perfect night for Michael Myer’s teenage massacre, hence the title change.

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Pulp Fiction (1994)

Forming an interesting link between two quintessential crime-thrillers, Mr. Blonde, a.k.a. Vic Vega, portrayed by Michael Madsen in 1992’s Reservoir Dogs, is actually the brother of Vincent Vega, portrayed by John Travolta, from Pulp Fiction. At one point, the director of both films, Quentin Tarantino, even had a spin-off in development titled; Double V Vega, which would’ve served as a prequel to both films. However, the film was eventually scrapped because both actors were too old to portray younger versions of themselves.

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Oculus (2013)

Although the film wasn’t released until 2013, had co-writer and director Mike Flanagan agreed to develop his supernatural horror flick; Oculus, in a found-footage style similar to Paranormal Activity, released in 2007, the film would’ve been released much earlier as a number of production companies were interested in the project, even preparing to back the film as early as 2006. Flanagan, however, refused to do so.

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Shaun of the Dead (2004)

After the release of the treasured British horror-comedy; Shaun of the Dead, in 2004, duo Simon Pegg and Edgar Wright considered writing a sequel to the film that would’ve replaced zombies with another monster. But, they ultimately decided against it, as they thought too many characters perished in the original to continue the narrative. The proposed title for this sequel was; From Dusk Till Shaun. Humorously, a mocked-up poster can be seen for the film in Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse, released in 2018, a film that takes place in an alternate reality.

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Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022)

All of the visual effects throughout the critically acclaimed, universe-hopping comedy-drama; Everything Everywhere All at Once, were completed by nine people (including the two directors), with most of the visual effects accomplished by a core group of only five individuals. Moreover, none of the visual effects team academically learnt visual effects, they were all friends who simply taught themselves how to create convincing effects with tutorials they found online for free.

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Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003)

In the swashbuckling blockbuster; Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl, Johnny Depp’s beloved character, Captain Jack Sparrow, is shown to have gold teeth, these gold teeth were actually Depp’s idea. However, Depp predicted that the film’s executives would desire fewer gold teeth, so he instructed his dentist to implant more gold teeth in his mouth as a bargaining tool. Jack’s final number of gold teeth in the film was what Depp had envisioned all along for the money-hungry pirate.

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Beautiful Shots in Cinema – Film List

Throughout history, there have been many captivating shots in cinema that inventively visualise the stories they are illustrating, thoroughly enthralling the audience in their stories by combing imaginative framing/composition with an attractive colour palette and exceptional lighting. Some shots even go so far as to convey the narrative behind a certain character, item or location merely through a single image, becoming commemorated in the annuals of cinema for decades to come. Here are a few of my personal favourites…

Blade Runner 2049 (2017) – Cinematographer, Roger Deakins

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The Matrix (1999) – Cinematographer, Bill Pope

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Jaws (1975) Cinematographer, Bill Butler

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Psycho (1960) – Cinematographer, John L. Russell

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Pulp Fiction (1994) – Cinematographer, Andrzej Sekula

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Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) – Cinematographer, Douglas Slocombe

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The Revenant (2016) – Cinematographer, Emmanuel Lubezki

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American Beauty (1999) – Cinematographer, Conrad Hall

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Kill Bill Vol. 1 (2003) – Cinematographer, Robert Richardson

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Don’t Breathe (2016) – Cinematographer, Pedro Luque

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Guardians of the Galaxy (2014) – Cinematographer, Ben Davis

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Annihilation (2018) – Cinematographers, Rob Hardy and Robert Hardy

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Interstellar (2014) Cinematographer, Hoyte Van Hoytema

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American Psycho (2000) Cinematographer, Andrzej Sekuła

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The Shape of Water (2017) Cinematographer, Dan Laustsen

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E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) Cinematographer, Allen Daviau

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2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) – Cinematographers, Geoffrey Unsworth and John Alcott

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The Road (2009) Cinematographer, Javier Aguirresarobe

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Life of Pi (2012) Cinematographer, Claudio Miranda

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Fight Club (1999) Cinematographer, Jeff Cronenweth

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The Shining (1980) – Cinematographers, John Alcott and Martin Kenzie

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Scott Pilgrim vs. The World (2010) – Cinematographer, Bill Pope

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A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984) – Cinematographer, Jacques Haitkin

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The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001) – Cinematographer, Andrew Lesnie

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Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) (2014) – Cinematographer, Emmanuel Lubezki

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What Happened to Pixar Animation? – Film Discussion

Whatever happened to the beloved animation studio, Pixar Animation?

Pixar Animation used to create some phenomenal animated adventures that the entire family could enjoy, regardless of their age. Mixing brilliant storytelling with beautiful animation and incredibly memorable characters, each film never failed to stand out amongst the rest. Some of the films, like ‘Monsters, Inc.’ or ‘WALL-E,’ for example (two of my personal favourite Pixar films), really got creative with their own narratives and fleshed out their individual worlds. However, in recent years, I’ve noticed a severe downgrade in the quality of their films, as it seems ever since the release of ‘Toy Story 3’ back in 2010, Pixar has had a real reliance on sequels, prequels and spin-offs over original films. While still mostly enjoyable, I have noticed the storytelling, character arcs and world-building all seem to be lacking when compared to their earlier films.

In recent years, films such as ‘The Good Dinosaur,’ ‘Monsters University,’ ‘Brave,’ ‘Finding Dory,’ the ‘Cars’ sequels/spin-offs and, of course, the upcoming ‘Toy Story 4.’ Have all ranged from sub-par through to simply awful, the ‘Cars’ series, of course, being the best example of this as this series has always been Pixar’s black sheep. Never truly having the magic that makes Pixar special, always feeling like more of a cash-grab than anything else. ‘Cars 2’ being the most prominent example of this, as this film is one of Pixar’s only poorly reviewed films to date. The ‘Cars’ series has always felt very immature to me, although I didn’t hate the original film, it’s definitely no one’s favourite. In regard to Pixar’s other sequels; ‘Finding Dory’ and ‘Toy Story 4,’ ‘Finding Dory’ is nothing more than a reskinned ‘Finding Nemo,’ except for a few amusing characters; the film has nothing more really to offer. Despite having fantastic reviews from critics for some reason, the film was never anything other than a massive nostalgia slap for me. As, of now, ‘Toy Story 4’ hasn’t yet been released, but I feel when it does it’ll be another film with great reviews, but with nothing truly memorable about it, as I personally believe the ‘Toy Story’ trilogy concluded so satisfactorily, I don’t truly don’t understand why they feel the need to continue that story other than profit.

‘Monsters University’ is probably my favourite of Pixar’s recent continuations of their old stories, although I don’t think the film reaches the heights of ‘Monsters, Inc.’ due to less originality and a lack of adult themes. I do still think the film is very witty, and it does explore the monster world further. It’s one of the few films I can say where it feels there was true thought put into it, as it doesn’t just lean on the legacy of the previous film. Finally, we come to Pixar’s original films. This being ‘The Good Dinosaur’ and ‘Brave,’ now whilst I don’t think these films are awful per se. They simply just aren’t that memorable. ‘Brave’ has a few amusing moments and an interesting setting, but falls more into classic 2D animated stories at points. As for ‘The Good Dinosaur,’ it’s simply a ‘returning home’ story, with nothing of note at all other than the nice animation. It seems most people agree with me on this one, too, considering it’s very low box office return.

Now, of course, there are some recent exceptions, Pixar’s ‘Inside Out,’ ‘Coco’ and last year’s ‘Incredibles 2,’ which I did enjoy very much. These films proved to me that Pixar still has some great stories in them, although these films aren’t perfect and I wouldn’t rank them as high as the classic Pixar films personally, they definitely show potential. I would love to see more original animated films like this from Pixar. Considering how much money ‘Coco’ made when it was released, it’s clear they still make money just from the Pixar name alone. So, why do they feel the need to rely on sequels? Many people would point to Disney pulling their leg, and although I could believe that. I also think it’s due to Pixar simply becoming uninterested; they now think of themselves as the animation giants the audience believes they are. This means they no longer take risks and are comfortable simply gaining profit from their previous franchises.

This could also be due to a lack of original ideas; of course, Pixar simply feels more comfortable returning to their previous stories. But, considering some of their big competitors such as DreamWorks Animation, Blue Sky Animation, Warner Bros. Animation and Illumination Animation are all still pumping out original films (granted, not all quite to the usual Pixar standard). Films, such as ‘Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie,’ ‘Ferdinand,’ ‘The Lego Movie’ and ‘Despicable Me’ are all still very enjoyable to watch. Some of these films even made a pretty big box office return, with the ‘Despicable Me’ spin-off; ‘Minions,’ becoming one of the highest-grossing animated films ever, earning over £900 million. Even the company that teamed up with them (that being Disney) are beating them recently when it comes to original animated flicks, with Walt Disney Animation Studios’ ‘Zootopia,’ being one of my favourite films of 2016.

In summary, what happened to Pixar Animation is very clear to me. They simply got lazy, focusing far more on wanting to make a large profit rather than giving their audience new, exciting stories. The company isn’t completely dead; films like ‘Coco’ and ‘Inside Out’ clearly prove there is still talent there. But, with the older writers, directors and animators now backing down from the company so newer faces can arise. I’m concerned that Disney and Pixar executives may continue to push for more sequels, prequels and spin-offs with the knowledge that the films will always make money regardless of their quality. This is mostly why I fear for ‘Toy Story 4,’ as even though I really hope the film is great, I currently have a lot of doubts in my mind about it. Pixar, however, has also recently brought out a trailer for their next film following on from ‘Toy Story 4,’ titled; ‘Onward,’ which does appear to be a completely original story focusing on elements of fantasy and adventure. So, perhaps not all is lost for the iconic animation company just yet, but only time will tell, I suppose.

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