Catwoman (2004) – Film Review

“White Russian… No Ice, No Vodka, Hold the Kahlua.” – Catwoman

Widely considered one of the worst superhero blockbusters of all time, the notorious Catwoman from 2004 is a horrendous combination of an edgy 2000s music video and all of the worst aspects of a modern superhero flick. Harbouring immensely cringey, pun-based dialogue, terrible CG effects and a forced romantic subplot, among many other issues, Catwoman is a nosedive in quality from many of the beloved comic book stories featuring the famed cat burglar of the DC Universe. Still, for those who are fans of the character, there is little concern of character assassination here, as the protagonist of Catwoman is so distant from the feline that debuted in 1940 that she is virtually unrecognisable outside of the signature ears, whip and black leather outfit. As such, this seedy superhero flick is only worth seeing if you can tolerate a thrown-together story and hideous visuals merely for an ironic laugh.

Plot Summary: While toiling as a graphic designer for the cosmetics company Hedare Beauty, a mammoth corporation on the verge of releasing a revolutionary anti-ageing lotion, the shy and sensitive Patience Philips inadvertently happens upon a dark secret regarding the ointment, soon finding herself in the middle of a corporate conspiracy that eventually takes her life. But, after mysteriously reawakening with the newfound abilities of immense speed, strength, agility and ultra-keen senses, Patience transforms into Catwoman, a skilled and stealthy vigilante determined to foil her former employer’s devilish ploy…

Aside from the central (and rather superficial) underlying theme of the film, which relates to the harmful side of the cosmetics industry, naturally depicted in an over-the-top fashion with inhumane suits eager to make a profit, regardless of consumer harm, the plot of Catwoman is a formulaic yet underdeveloped superhero origin story, with most of the film revolving around the corny sequences of Patience (renamed from Selena Kyle in this iteration) discovering her numerous abilities. Similar to the unwarranted rename, this iteration of the character also possesses unexplained, supernatural abilities, unlike the original version of the character, who shared many similarities to her occasional associate, occasional foe, Batman, sporting an imposing outfit, a secret identity and exceptional fighting capabilities, yet no actual superpowers.

Becoming one of only six actors in history to own both an Oscar and a Razzie after her ‘win’ for her infamous performance in the film, Halle Berry also became the first actress to accept her Razzie in person, stepping out on stage proudly holding both Oscar and Razzie aloft, delivering the brief acceptance speech of; “I’d Like to Thank Warner Brothers for Making Me Do this Godawful, Piece of Shit Movie.” With this in mind, it’s likely not a surprise that Berry portrays Catwoman with all of the comic book cheesiness as other superhero performances of the era, from Ben Affleck’s Daredevil to Wesley Snipes’ Blade, over-delivering every line of dialogue and showcasing the cinematic sexualisation (and animalisation) of the titular character to an absurd degree, despite Catwoman’s sexually provocative side being a key part of her character in most media she appears. That said, Halle Berry does commit to her performance, and commendably so, considering that Patience spends most of her time wide-eyed and humiliatingly unhinged with a profound love of tuna. The supporting cast of Benjamin Bratt, Sharon Stone and Lambert Wilson don’t fare much better, with their performances frequently coming across as either lifeless or cartoonish.

Previously set in Catwoman’s usual home of Gotham City, with Michelle Pfeiffer reprising her role from the blockbuster sequel Batman Returns (1992) before this concept was scrapped when Pfeiffer refused to sign on, Catwoman takes place in an anonymous, grimy city that greatly resembles Gotham, yet is never confirmed to be so. Nevertheless, this iconic, fictional city’s aesthetic barely enhances the film’s visuals in the grand scheme, as the cinematography by Thierry Arbogast is continuously cluttered and visually displeasing, a flaw only exacerbated by the equally unpleasant viridescent colour palette. Moreover, the CG effects throughout the runtime are beyond appalling, appearing weightless and unconvincing, namely during scenes where Patience leaps up walls and across rooftops or when a cat is depicted via uncanny CGI, even though forty-three cats were actually trained and used for the film, seemingly removing the need for CG effects in this respect.

On another note, the soundtrack for Catwoman, primarily relying on not-so-timely songs such as Scandalous, Outrageous and Crazy in Love, is just as nostalgic as it is corny and excessively distracting. Likewise, the original score by Klaus Badelt is loud and overbearing, often unintentionally emphasising the film’s poor sound mixing, like with the clamorous track; Felineious Assault.

With Catwoman, it’s clear that the strangely mononymous French director Pitof (Vidocq, Fire & Ice: The Dragon Chronicles) set out to make a film as stylish and sensual as possible within the boundaries of its rating. And, while much of the film’s style is evidently influenced by Pitof’s background in outlandish, sultry music videos, blockbusters generally don’t rely on constant hyperactive shots, and Catwoman is a testament to why.

In summary, Catwoman is a baffling, dated mess of a superhero-led blockbuster, which is unfortunate, given how significant of a character Catwoman is, repeatedly playing a pivotal role in stories across the DC Universe, both featuring the Caped Crusader and otherwise. Thus, it’s not an exaggeration to say that Catwoman is a ‘cat-astrophe’ in practically every aspect, but definitely as an adaptation. Rating: 1/10.

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Iconic Lines in Cinema – Film List

In my opinion, screenwriting has always been the most significant aspect of filmmaking amongst its many pivotal elements, given that storytelling and characterisation are ultimately what the creation of a film revolves around. These aspects are naturally fueled by lines of dialogue, which often become prominent in pop culture when associated with a certain character, scene or franchise, occasionally even adding layers of subtext to the grander narrative. Here is a small selection of my personal favourites…

Alien (1979)

“You Still Don’t Understand What You’re Dealing With, Do You? The Perfect Organism. Its Structural Perfection Is Matched Only By Its Hostility.” – Ash

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Jaws (1975)

“You’re Gonna Need a Bigger Boat…” – Chief Martian Brody

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Titanic (1997)

“I’m the King of the World!” – Jack Dawson

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The Thing (1982)

“You Gotta Be Fuckin’ Kidding…” – Palmer

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The Shining (1980)

“Here’s Johnny!” – Jack Torrance

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Casablanca (1942)

“Here’s Looking at You, Kid.” – Rick Blaine

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Toy Story (1995)

“To Infinity and Beyond!” – Buzz Lightyear

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The Terminator (1984)

“I’ll Be Back.” – The T-800

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Trainspotting (1993)

“Choose Life.” – Renton

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Poltergeist (1982)

“They’re Here…” – Carol Anne Freeling

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Citizen Kane (1941)

“Rosebud…” – Kane

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Jurassic Park (1993)

“Welcome… to Jurassic Park.” – John Hammond

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Frankenstein (1931)

“It’s Alive! It’s Alive!” – Dr. Henry Frankenstein

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The Sixth Sense (1999)

“I See Dead People…” – Cole Sear

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2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)

“I’m Sorry, Dave. I’m Afraid I Can’t Do That.” – HAL 9000

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The Truman Show (1998)

“You Were Real. That’s What Made You So Good to Watch…” – Cristof

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Apocalypse Now (1979)

“I Love the Smell of Napalm in the Morning…” – Robert Duvall

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Shaun of the Dead (2004)

“You’ve Got Red on You.” – Various

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Forrest Gump (1994)

“Mama Always Said Life Was Like a Box of Chocolates. You Never Know What You’re Gonna Get.” – Forrest Gump

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Goodfellas (1990)

“As Far Back as I Can Remember, I Always Wanted to Be a Gangster…” – Henry Hill

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Pulp Fiction (1994)

“You Know What They Call a Quarter Pounder With Cheese in Paris?” – Vincent Vega

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Gone With the Wind (1939)

“Frankly, My Dear, I Don’t Give a Damn…”

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Inglourious Basterds (2009)

“You Probably Heard We Ain’t in the Prisoner-Takin’ Business, We in the Killin’ Nazi Business, and Cousin… Business Is A-Boomin!” – Lt. Aldo Raine

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Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope (1977)

May the Force Be With You.” – Han Solo

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The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002)

“My Precious…” – Gollum

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Outstanding Original Scores in Cinema – Film List

I’ve always considered original scores to be a very underappreciated element of filmmaking, as many audience members rarely seem to take notice of the beautiful and indelible soundtracks that saturate many scenes throughout cinematic history. These scores serve an important purpose in audibly immersing the audience in a narrative via dramatic, unnerving or sorrowful tracks that evoke deep emotion inside them (even if they aren’t aware of it), greatly enhancing the cinematic experience. Here are some of my personal favourites…

Dune (2021) – Composer, Hanz Zimmer

Favourite Tracks: Herald of the Change, Ripples in the Sand

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Drive (2011) Composer, Cliff Martinez

Favourite Tracks: I Drive, Bride of Deluxe 

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Jaws (1975) Composer, John Williams

Favourite Tracks: Main Title and First Victim, End Titles

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Dunkirk (2016) – Composer, Hanz Zimmer

Favourite Tracks: The Mole, Supermarine

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WALL-E (2008) – Composer, Thomas Newman

Favourite Tracks: 72 Degrees and Sunny, Define Dancing

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Arrival (2016) – Composer, Jóhann Jóhannsson

Favourite Tracks: ArrivalKangaru

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Halloween (1978) – Composer, John Carpenter

Favourite Tracks: Halloween Theme – Main TitleMyer’s House

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Ratatouille (2007) – Composer, Michael Giacchino

Favourite Tracks: Ratatouille Main ThemeEnd Creditouilles

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Jurassic Park (1993) – Composer, John Williams

Favourite Tracks: Welcome to Jurassic Park, Journey to the Island

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The Neon Demon (2016) – Composer, Cliff Martinez

Favourite Tracks: The Neon Demon, Something’s in My Room

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A Ghost Story (2017) – Composer, Daniel Hart

Favourite Tracks: The Secret in the Wall, Safe Safe Safe

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Vertigo (1958) – Composer, Bernard Herrmann

Favourite Tracks: Prelude and Rooftop, Carlotta’s Portrait

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The Shape of Water (2017) – Composer, Alexandre Desplat

Favourite Tracks: The Shape of Water, Elisa’s Theme

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Nocturnal Animals (2016) – Composer, Abel Korzeniowski

Favourite Tracks: Revenge, City Lights

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Edward Scissorhands (1990) – Composer, Danny Elfman

Favourite Tracks: StorytimeIce Dance

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The Social Network (2010) – Composers, Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross

Favourite Tracks: In MotionPainted Sun in Abstract

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Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse (2018) – Composer, Daniel Pemberton

Favourite Tracks: Gimme the GooberSpider-Man Loves You

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Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (2001) – Composer, John Williams

Favourite Tracks: Hedwig’s Theme, Diagon Alley and the Gringotts Vault

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The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014) – Composer, Alexandre Desplat

Favourite Tracks: Mr. Moustafa, Daylight Express to Lutz

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The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966) – Composer, Ennio Morricone

Favourite Tracks: The Good, the Bad and the UglyThe Ecstasy of Gold

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Fantastic Mr. Fox (2009) – Composer, Alexandre Desplat

Favourite Tracks: Mr. Fox in the Fields, Jimmy Squirrel and Co.

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Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope (1977) – Composer, John Williams

Favourite Tracks: Main TitleThe Princess Appears

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Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse (2023) – Composer, Daniel Pemberton

Favourite Tracks: Spider-Woman (Gwen Stacy), Canon Event

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Blade Runner 2049 (2017) – Composers, Hans Zimmer and Benjamin Wallfisch

Favourite Tracks: Tears in the RainBlade Runner

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Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004) – Composer, Jon Brion

Favourite Tracks: Theme From Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, Bookstore

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Ten Film Facts You Should Know (Part One) – Film List

Cinema has always been full of surprises, particularly when it comes to the creation of certain projects, as fascinating stories often occur during the pre-production, production and post-production stages of iconic films (some intentional, others happy accidents), with many of these happenings eventually making it onto the silver screen or the furthest reaches of the internet, remaining a sheltered piece of film history. So, here are ten film facts you should know to expand your cinephile knowledge and triumph over your family and friends at your next trivia night.

A Ghost Story (2017)

During the production of the indie drama; A Ghost Story, for the prolonged shot in which her character eats a pie, several variations of pies were baked and tested in preparation for the scene. Actress Rooney Mara, a self-confessed picky eater, ultimately opted for a reduced-sugar, gluten-free vegan chocolate pie. Writer-director David Lowery claimed it was delicious, but Mara disagreed, declaring it tasted vile.

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Jurassic Park (1993)

Following the end of production on the iconic blockbuster; Jurassic Park, all the cast were given a Velociraptor model, signed by director Steven Spielberg, as a gift. The model looked rather frightening, so actress Ariana Richards positioned her model in her house to startle arriving guests. Actress Laura Dern, however, placed her model in her son’s room near his crib. But, when her son was older and witnessed it looking over him, he grew terrified of the model, forcing Dern to put the Velociraptor model into storage.

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Shrek (2001)

Originally, comedian Chris Farley was cast as the voice of the titular character in the animated smash-hit; Shrek, recording almost all of the character’s dialogue. However, after his sudden death in 1997, the role was given to his then-fellow Saturday Night Live performer, Mike Myers. As such, Shrek’s air quotes in the film are a homage to one of Farley’s most well-known characters, Bennett Brauer, who commonly used air quotes. A story reel featuring a sample of Farley’s recorded dialogue was eventually leaked to the public in 2015.

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Toy Story 2 (1999)

Whilst working on the sequel to the cherished animated flick; Toy Story, released in 1995, one of the animators accidentally entered the code; “rm *,” which, when entered, deletes everything on the computer as fast as possible. As a result, the team behind Toy Story 2 lost roughly 90% of the film. Fortunately, supervising technical director, Galyn Susman, had recently had a child, so she took a copy of the film home with her so she could work from home, allowing the team to cover the extra copy in blankets and drive it back to Pixar Animation Studios, where they were able to recover the majority of the film.

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Halloween (1978)

In the original screenplay for the horror classic; Halloween, then-titled; The Babysitter Murders, the events of the story took place over several days. Due to the filmmakers only possessing a budget of around £260,000, however, it was ultimately a budgetary decision to change the screenplay to have everything occur on the same day, reducing the number of costume changes and locations required. Furthermore, it was decided that Halloween, the scariest night of the year, was the perfect night for Michael Myer’s teenage massacre, hence the title change.

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Pulp Fiction (1994)

Forming an interesting link between two quintessential crime-thrillers, Mr. Blonde, a.k.a. Vic Vega, portrayed by Michael Madsen in 1992’s Reservoir Dogs, is actually the brother of Vincent Vega, portrayed by John Travolta, from Pulp Fiction. At one point, the director of both films, Quentin Tarantino, even had a spin-off in development titled; Double V Vega, which would’ve served as a prequel to both films. However, the film was eventually scrapped because both actors were too old to portray younger versions of themselves.

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Oculus (2013)

Although the film wasn’t released until 2013, had co-writer and director Mike Flanagan agreed to develop his supernatural horror flick; Oculus, in a found-footage style similar to Paranormal Activity, released in 2007, the film would’ve been released much earlier as a number of production companies were interested in the project, even preparing to back the film as early as 2006. Flanagan, however, refused to do so.

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Shaun of the Dead (2004)

After the release of the treasured British horror-comedy; Shaun of the Dead, in 2004, duo Simon Pegg and Edgar Wright considered writing a sequel to the film that would’ve replaced zombies with another monster. But, they ultimately decided against it, as they thought too many characters perished in the original to continue the narrative. The proposed title for this sequel was; From Dusk Till Shaun. Humorously, a mocked-up poster can be seen for the film in Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse, released in 2018, a film that takes place in an alternate reality.

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Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022)

All of the visual effects throughout the critically acclaimed, universe-hopping comedy-drama; Everything Everywhere All at Once, were completed by nine people (including the two directors), with most of the visual effects accomplished by a core group of only five individuals. Moreover, none of the visual effects team academically learnt visual effects, they were all friends who simply taught themselves how to create convincing effects with tutorials they found online for free.

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Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003)

In the swashbuckling blockbuster; Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl, Johnny Depp’s beloved character, Captain Jack Sparrow, is shown to have gold teeth, these gold teeth were actually Depp’s idea. However, Depp predicted that the film’s executives would desire fewer gold teeth, so he instructed his dentist to implant more gold teeth in his mouth as a bargaining tool. Jack’s final number of gold teeth in the film was what Depp had envisioned all along for the money-hungry pirate.

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Saw (2004) – Film Review

Before it became the colossal horror franchise, we know it to be today, ‘Saw’ was originally just a low-budget thriller ingeniously co-written by Leigh Whannell and debuting horror writer-director James Wan. Boasting an intricate structure consisting of flashbacks within flashbacks, the original ‘Saw’ was far more focused on crafting a compelling (and occasionally confusing) mystery that takes place primarily within a single location rather than plainly indulging in blood and guts similar to its many sequels, and as a result, still remains the best entry of the ‘Saw’ franchise to date.

Plot Summary: When two strangers awaken in a grimy bathroom with their ankles chained to pipes and no recollection of how they got there, the pair soon discover they’re pawns in a deadly game perpetrated by the notorious serial killer; ‘Jigsaw.’

Despite the ‘Saw’ series being predominantly known for its constant display of extreme violence, with the franchise even becoming infamous at one time for introducing the ‘Torture Porn’ subgenre to general audiences. The original ‘Saw’ actually contains very little in the way of gore, as director James Wan never intended to make an immensely disturbing film. It was not until the sequels that the films became what he describes as “More Explicitly Nasty.” Still, this wouldn’t stop ‘Saw’ from its rampant train of success, as the first film alone would go on to earn over £90 million on a budget of only £1 million, instantly providing Wan and Whannell with the funds for their next project(s), in addition to placing ‘Jigsaw’ among the ranks of ‘Jason Voorhees,’ ‘Freddy Krueger,’ ‘Leatherface’ and ‘Michael Myers,’ as a horror icon.

Cary Elwes and Leigh Whannell lead the film as ‘Dr. Lawrence Gordon’ and ‘Adam Stanheight,’ respectively, and whilst neither actor gives a truly poor performance, Elwes easily outshines Whannell in many scenes. Obviously, this is due to Whannell being a writer (and now director) first and foremost, but with a better actor in Whannell’s place I feel many moments during the narrative could’ve been greatly enhanced. And, while Danny Glover, Monica Potter, and Tobin Bell all do a serviceable job, due to Elwes and Whannell’s performances taking up nearly the entirety of the film’s runtime, any faults in the actor’s portrayals are tremendously hard to ignore.

The cinematography throughout ‘Saw’ ranges from brilliantly clever to simply irritating, as director James Wan and cinematographer David A. Armstrong wanted the movement of the camera to reflect the central character’s emotions and personality, meaning ‘Dr. Gordon’ is displayed through steady, controlled shots while ‘Adam’ is seen exclusively through hand-held shots. Yet, even with this attention to detail, ‘Saw’s camerawork suffers from its repeated inclusion of the ‘Bullet Time’ shot, first introduced in the sci-fi classic; ‘The Matrix,’ in 1999. As, although this shot was very impressive when it first appeared, by 2004, this overused technique of having the camera rapidly rotate around an actor feels nothing but exasperating, especially when combined with the film’s chaotic editing and often unpleasant green-tinted colour palette.

Aside from the film’s signature track; ‘Hello Zepp’ which would go on to become a staple of the series, being utilised for each film’s final scene, the rest of ‘Saw’s original score isn’t anything special, being a mostly by-the-numbers horror soundtrack consisting of a variety of tense tracks with the occasional metallic effect thrown in to further relate to the industrial nature of ‘Jigsaw’s many traps and devices. The sound design itself, however, significantly adds to the horror, implying much of the gruesome violence that isn’t directly seen.

As a result of its smaller-budget, there are many occasions where director James Wan had to get quite creative with how to execute certain scenes. For example, the car chase that appears later within the film was actually filmed inside of a warehouse garage, with the illusion of being outside being achieved by turning off all of the warehouse lights, adding some fog and aggressively shaking the cars whilst filming directly from the front. This thin budget is also why the film contains no exterior shots whatsoever, as nearly all of the film was shot in a converted warehouse where the bathroom set was built, while any other locations were simply existing rooms redressed. However, even with this restrictive budget, the production crew actually made ‘Jigsaw’s now-iconic wooden puppet; ‘Billy,’ completely from scratch instead of pre-purchasing an antique puppet from a local store.

In summary, the original ‘Saw’ is far from flawless, but considering the film started out as just a low-budget short before attracting the attention of Evolution Entertainment, who immediately formed a horror-centric subcompany with Twisted Pictures, the ‘Saw’ franchise has truly come a long way. And, although the series’ first instalment is certainly plagued with many problems, there is a clear level of passion and effort poured into the project, and whilst I wouldn’t say it deserves to be one of the most profitable horror films of all time, I would say it deserves a watch, even if you’re planning to pass up the rest of the progressively grotesque franchise. Final Rating: high 6/10.

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What Happened to Pixar Animation? – Film Discussion

Whatever happened to the beloved animation studio, Pixar Animation?

Pixar Animation used to create some phenomenal animated adventures that the entire family could enjoy, regardless of their age. Mixing brilliant storytelling with beautiful animation and incredibly memorable characters, each film never failed to stand out amongst the rest. Some of the films, like ‘Monsters, Inc.’ or ‘WALL-E,’ for example (two of my personal favourite Pixar films), really got creative with their own narratives and fleshed out their individual worlds. However, in recent years, I’ve noticed a severe downgrade in the quality of their films, as it seems ever since the release of ‘Toy Story 3’ back in 2010, Pixar has had a real reliance on sequels, prequels and spin-offs over original films. While still mostly enjoyable, I have noticed the storytelling, character arcs and world-building all seem to be lacking when compared to their earlier films.

In recent years, films such as ‘The Good Dinosaur,’ ‘Monsters University,’ ‘Brave,’ ‘Finding Dory,’ the ‘Cars’ sequels/spin-offs and, of course, the upcoming ‘Toy Story 4.’ Have all ranged from sub-par through to simply awful, the ‘Cars’ series, of course, being the best example of this as this series has always been Pixar’s black sheep. Never truly having the magic that makes Pixar special, always feeling like more of a cash-grab than anything else. ‘Cars 2’ being the most prominent example of this, as this film is one of Pixar’s only poorly reviewed films to date. The ‘Cars’ series has always felt very immature to me, although I didn’t hate the original film, it’s definitely no one’s favourite. In regard to Pixar’s other sequels; ‘Finding Dory’ and ‘Toy Story 4,’ ‘Finding Dory’ is nothing more than a reskinned ‘Finding Nemo,’ except for a few amusing characters; the film has nothing more really to offer. Despite having fantastic reviews from critics for some reason, the film was never anything other than a massive nostalgia slap for me. As, of now, ‘Toy Story 4’ hasn’t yet been released, but I feel when it does it’ll be another film with great reviews, but with nothing truly memorable about it, as I personally believe the ‘Toy Story’ trilogy concluded so satisfactorily, I don’t truly don’t understand why they feel the need to continue that story other than profit.

‘Monsters University’ is probably my favourite of Pixar’s recent continuations of their old stories, although I don’t think the film reaches the heights of ‘Monsters, Inc.’ due to less originality and a lack of adult themes. I do still think the film is very witty, and it does explore the monster world further. It’s one of the few films I can say where it feels there was true thought put into it, as it doesn’t just lean on the legacy of the previous film. Finally, we come to Pixar’s original films. This being ‘The Good Dinosaur’ and ‘Brave,’ now whilst I don’t think these films are awful per se. They simply just aren’t that memorable. ‘Brave’ has a few amusing moments and an interesting setting, but falls more into classic 2D animated stories at points. As for ‘The Good Dinosaur,’ it’s simply a ‘returning home’ story, with nothing of note at all other than the nice animation. It seems most people agree with me on this one, too, considering it’s very low box office return.

Now, of course, there are some recent exceptions, Pixar’s ‘Inside Out,’ ‘Coco’ and last year’s ‘Incredibles 2,’ which I did enjoy very much. These films proved to me that Pixar still has some great stories in them, although these films aren’t perfect and I wouldn’t rank them as high as the classic Pixar films personally, they definitely show potential. I would love to see more original animated films like this from Pixar. Considering how much money ‘Coco’ made when it was released, it’s clear they still make money just from the Pixar name alone. So, why do they feel the need to rely on sequels? Many people would point to Disney pulling their leg, and although I could believe that. I also think it’s due to Pixar simply becoming uninterested; they now think of themselves as the animation giants the audience believes they are. This means they no longer take risks and are comfortable simply gaining profit from their previous franchises.

This could also be due to a lack of original ideas; of course, Pixar simply feels more comfortable returning to their previous stories. But, considering some of their big competitors such as DreamWorks Animation, Blue Sky Animation, Warner Bros. Animation and Illumination Animation are all still pumping out original films (granted, not all quite to the usual Pixar standard). Films, such as ‘Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie,’ ‘Ferdinand,’ ‘The Lego Movie’ and ‘Despicable Me’ are all still very enjoyable to watch. Some of these films even made a pretty big box office return, with the ‘Despicable Me’ spin-off; ‘Minions,’ becoming one of the highest-grossing animated films ever, earning over £900 million. Even the company that teamed up with them (that being Disney) are beating them recently when it comes to original animated flicks, with Walt Disney Animation Studios’ ‘Zootopia,’ being one of my favourite films of 2016.

In summary, what happened to Pixar Animation is very clear to me. They simply got lazy, focusing far more on wanting to make a large profit rather than giving their audience new, exciting stories. The company isn’t completely dead; films like ‘Coco’ and ‘Inside Out’ clearly prove there is still talent there. But, with the older writers, directors and animators now backing down from the company so newer faces can arise. I’m concerned that Disney and Pixar executives may continue to push for more sequels, prequels and spin-offs with the knowledge that the films will always make money regardless of their quality. This is mostly why I fear for ‘Toy Story 4,’ as even though I really hope the film is great, I currently have a lot of doubts in my mind about it. Pixar, however, has also recently brought out a trailer for their next film following on from ‘Toy Story 4,’ titled; ‘Onward,’ which does appear to be a completely original story focusing on elements of fantasy and adventure. So, perhaps not all is lost for the iconic animation company just yet, but only time will tell, I suppose.

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