Toy Story 3 (2008) – Lost Projects

In January 2004, then-Pixar CEO Steve Jobs announced that the Walt Disney Company would not renew its distribution deal with Pixar Animation. At the time, Pixar was quickly earning its status as one of the world’s leading animation studios, responsible for a string of box-office hits, including Toy Story (1995), Monsters, Inc. (2001) and Finding Nemo (2003). Anticipating the split, then-Disney CEO Michael Eisner downplayed the fallout and Pixar’s discontent with the terms of their deal, arguing Disney could continue producing sequels to Pixar’s films without their involvement, since Disney retained the rights to Pixar’s characters and franchises under their original contract. To that end, Eisner launched a new animation studio in Glendale, California, dubbed Circle 7 Animation, named after Circle 7 Drive, where the studio was located, solely established to develop sequels to Pixar’s films without any input from their creative team, most of which were intended to be budget-friendly, direct-to-DVD releases.

Among Circle 7’s first projects were early drafts for Monsters, Inc. 2, Finding Nemo 2 and, of course, Toy Story 3. During this time, several ideas for a third Toy Story instalment were considered, including a whodunnit-style mystery in which Woody and the gang investigate a string of missing toys in Andy’s grandmother’s attic, and another where Andy’s mother remarries, leading to the toys becoming lost in Mexico, encountering knock-off versions of themselves, such as El Buzz and Mr. Papaya Head. Eventually, however, a screenplay by Jim Herzfeld was selected, with screenwriters Bob Hilgenberg and Rob Muir revising both the dialogue and the narrative as many concept artists, including Ric Sluiter, Jim Martin and Shane Zalvin, began developing the project’s visuals through a variety of sketches and art pieces.

In this rendition of Toy Story 3, Buzz Lightyear begins to malfunction, prompting Andy’s mother to send him back to the factory in Taipei, Taiwan, where he was manufactured, unaware that a global recall has been issued to destroy, rather than repair, all defective Buzz Lightyear units. Upon learning this, Woody, Jessie, Rex, and the rest of the gang embark on an international rescue mission, facing a series of chaotic and comedic set pieces, such as a tense encounter at a daycare centre inside the towering Taipei 101 skyscraper. Meanwhile, at the factory, Buzz narrowly escapes destruction by a machine known as “The Smasher” and teams up with a duo of faulty, recalled toys known as Cindy Scissors, a superheroine with bladed legs, and Rosey, a defective bed warmer doll, to deliver a letter to the company’s elusive founder, Mr. Kagoy. However, their journey is complicated by the arrival of Daxx Blastar, a flashy new Star Command toy intended to replace Buzz, who narcissistically confronts them. As all hope seems lost, Woody and the gang arrive to help expose the corrupt board members’ scheme to destroy all the Buzz Lightyear units, as Mr. Kagoy, who is secretly aware that all toys are alive, rescinds the recall order and promises to repair all the defective units and return them to their owners. As the gang prepare to head home, Daxx makes one last attempt to stop them, but is humorously thwarted and subsequently shipped off to Sid’s house, thanks to Jessie and the gang. The story concludes with a cheerful montage of Woody, Buzz and the rest of the toys returning home to Andy, whilst the previously recalled toys, Cindy and Rosey, find new owners.

This proposed continuation of the Toy Story franchise would have been a mixed bag to say the least, expanding on the beloved world of sentient toys in bold and imaginative ways while regressing in others. For example, taking the characters out of the American suburbs to explore another country would have allowed Woody and the gang to venture through a rich tapestry of tropical forests and vibrant cities across Taiwan, setting itself apart from any locations we have seen in the franchise previously. Moreover, Buzz’s underlying character arc, from inevitable destruction to rediscovery, mirrors the existential themes of earlier instalments, while new characters, such as Cindy and Rosey, offer fresh perspectives on value, identity and rejection. Conversely, the narrative frequently exhibits signs of overreach, juggling multiple subplots, a sprawling cast of characters and locations, and a corporate conspiracy angle that risks overshadowing the story’s emotional core. Additionally, Daxx Blastar, the central antagonist of the film, is largely underdeveloped and almost cartoonishly evil when compared to the antagonists of previous entries, making the factory’s climactic showdown feel rather lacklustre. What’s more, some narrative turns, like Mr. Kagoy’s sudden awareness of the toys’ sentience, feel overly convenient and lack sufficient setup for what is supposed to be a grand reveal.

In my opinion, however, the biggest problem with this iteration of Toy Story 3 is that it shares far too many similarities with the franchise’s prior entry, Toy Story 2 (1999), with the gang setting off on a journey to recover one of their members (who has been taken by humans for one reason or another and is unlikely to return), while having a toy antagonist to contend with. As a result, this rendition of Toy Story 3 also lacks the emotional and satisfying conclusion of the actual third instalment, revisiting familiar territory and suggesting a new cycle of conflict, leaving the door open for further sequels and coming adventures for Woody, Buzz, Jessie and the rest of the gang, which simply isn’t fitting for a third instalment of an iconic series.

In summary, Circle 7 Animation was ultimately a strategic backup plan, an animation studio created by Disney to protect and extend its ownership of Pixar properties during a time of uncertainty. But, in January 2006, after Bob Iger succeeded Michael Eisner as CEO, Disney changed course. Iger opted to purchase Pixar outright for approximately £6.07 billion ($7.4 billion), bringing the studio’s creative and commercial power fully under Disney’s corporate umbrella. As part of the acquisition, Circle 7 Animation was shut down, with all of its in-development projects cancelled. Pixar’s own version of Toy Story 3, released in 2010, took a different creative direction and became a critically acclaimed and award-winning triumph. Today, the Circle 7 rendition of the film only exists in remnants, each a glimpse into a parallel timeline that never came to be, a fascinating ‘what if’ in animation history. With tighter writing and deeper character development, it might have stood as a worthy continuation of one of Disney and Pixar’s most beloved franchises. Personally, though, I feel the rendition of Toy Story 3 we eventually received is a near-perfect series finale (before the unnecessary sequels materialised), so I’m not too disheartened we never saw this iteration of the toys’ third outing.

Iconic Lines in Cinema – Film List

In my opinion, screenwriting has always been the most significant aspect of filmmaking amongst its many pivotal elements, given that storytelling and characterisation are ultimately what the creation of a film revolves around. These aspects are naturally fueled by lines of dialogue, which often become prominent in pop culture when associated with a certain character, scene or franchise, occasionally even adding layers of subtext to the grander narrative. Here is a small selection of my personal favourites…

Alien (1979)

“You Still Don’t Understand What You’re Dealing With, Do You? The Perfect Organism. Its Structural Perfection Is Matched Only By Its Hostility.” – Ash

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Jaws (1975)

“You’re Gonna Need a Bigger Boat…” – Chief Martian Brody

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Titanic (1997)

“I’m the King of the World!” – Jack Dawson

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The Thing (1982)

“You Gotta Be Fuckin’ Kidding…” – Palmer

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The Shining (1980)

“Here’s Johnny!” – Jack Torrance

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Casablanca (1942)

“Here’s Looking at You, Kid.” – Rick Blaine

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Toy Story (1995)

“To Infinity and Beyond!” – Buzz Lightyear

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The Terminator (1984)

“I’ll Be Back.” – The T-800

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Trainspotting (1993)

“Choose Life.” – Renton

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Poltergeist (1982)

“They’re Here…” – Carol Anne Freeling

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Citizen Kane (1941)

“Rosebud…” – Kane

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Jurassic Park (1993)

“Welcome… to Jurassic Park.” – John Hammond

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Frankenstein (1931)

“It’s Alive! It’s Alive!” – Dr. Henry Frankenstein

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The Sixth Sense (1999)

“I See Dead People…” – Cole Sear

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2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)

“I’m Sorry, Dave. I’m Afraid I Can’t Do That.” – HAL 9000

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The Truman Show (1998)

“You Were Real. That’s What Made You So Good to Watch…” – Cristof

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Apocalypse Now (1979)

“I Love the Smell of Napalm in the Morning…” – Robert Duvall

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Shaun of the Dead (2004)

“You’ve Got Red on You.” – Various

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Forrest Gump (1994)

“Mama Always Said Life Was Like a Box of Chocolates. You Never Know What You’re Gonna Get.” – Forrest Gump

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Goodfellas (1990)

“As Far Back as I Can Remember, I Always Wanted to Be a Gangster…” – Henry Hill

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Pulp Fiction (1994)

“You Know What They Call a Quarter Pounder With Cheese in Paris?” – Vincent Vega

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Gone With the Wind (1939)

“Frankly, My Dear, I Don’t Give a Damn…”

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Inglourious Basterds (2009)

“You Probably Heard We Ain’t in the Prisoner-Takin’ Business, We in the Killin’ Nazi Business, and Cousin… Business Is A-Boomin!” – Lt. Aldo Raine

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Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope (1977)

May the Force Be With You.” – Han Solo

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The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002)

“My Precious…” – Gollum

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Ten Film Facts You Should Know (Part One) – Film List

Cinema has always been full of surprises, particularly when it comes to the creation of certain projects, as fascinating stories often occur during the pre-production, production and post-production stages of iconic films (some intentional, others happy accidents), with many of these happenings eventually making it onto the silver screen or the furthest reaches of the internet, remaining a sheltered piece of film history. So, here are ten film facts you should know to expand your cinephile knowledge and triumph over your family and friends at your next trivia night.

A Ghost Story (2017)

During the production of the indie drama; A Ghost Story, for the prolonged shot in which her character eats a pie, several variations of pies were baked and tested in preparation for the scene. Actress Rooney Mara, a self-confessed picky eater, ultimately opted for a reduced-sugar, gluten-free vegan chocolate pie. Writer-director David Lowery claimed it was delicious, but Mara disagreed, declaring it tasted vile.

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Jurassic Park (1993)

Following the end of production on the iconic blockbuster; Jurassic Park, all the cast were given a Velociraptor model, signed by director Steven Spielberg, as a gift. The model looked rather frightening, so actress Ariana Richards positioned her model in her house to startle arriving guests. Actress Laura Dern, however, placed her model in her son’s room near his crib. But, when her son was older and witnessed it looking over him, he grew terrified of the model, forcing Dern to put the Velociraptor model into storage.

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Shrek (2001)

Originally, comedian Chris Farley was cast as the voice of the titular character in the animated smash-hit; Shrek, recording almost all of the character’s dialogue. However, after his sudden death in 1997, the role was given to his then-fellow Saturday Night Live performer, Mike Myers. As such, Shrek’s air quotes in the film are a homage to one of Farley’s most well-known characters, Bennett Brauer, who commonly used air quotes. A story reel featuring a sample of Farley’s recorded dialogue was eventually leaked to the public in 2015.

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Toy Story 2 (1999)

Whilst working on the sequel to the cherished animated flick; Toy Story, released in 1995, one of the animators accidentally entered the code; “rm *,” which, when entered, deletes everything on the computer as fast as possible. As a result, the team behind Toy Story 2 lost roughly 90% of the film. Fortunately, supervising technical director, Galyn Susman, had recently had a child, so she took a copy of the film home with her so she could work from home, allowing the team to cover the extra copy in blankets and drive it back to Pixar Animation Studios, where they were able to recover the majority of the film.

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Halloween (1978)

In the original screenplay for the horror classic; Halloween, then-titled; The Babysitter Murders, the events of the story took place over several days. Due to the filmmakers only possessing a budget of around £260,000, however, it was ultimately a budgetary decision to change the screenplay to have everything occur on the same day, reducing the number of costume changes and locations required. Furthermore, it was decided that Halloween, the scariest night of the year, was the perfect night for Michael Myer’s teenage massacre, hence the title change.

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Pulp Fiction (1994)

Forming an interesting link between two quintessential crime-thrillers, Mr. Blonde, a.k.a. Vic Vega, portrayed by Michael Madsen in 1992’s Reservoir Dogs, is actually the brother of Vincent Vega, portrayed by John Travolta, from Pulp Fiction. At one point, the director of both films, Quentin Tarantino, even had a spin-off in development titled; Double V Vega, which would’ve served as a prequel to both films. However, the film was eventually scrapped because both actors were too old to portray younger versions of themselves.

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Oculus (2013)

Although the film wasn’t released until 2013, had co-writer and director Mike Flanagan agreed to develop his supernatural horror flick; Oculus, in a found-footage style similar to Paranormal Activity, released in 2007, the film would’ve been released much earlier as a number of production companies were interested in the project, even preparing to back the film as early as 2006. Flanagan, however, refused to do so.

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Shaun of the Dead (2004)

After the release of the treasured British horror-comedy; Shaun of the Dead, in 2004, duo Simon Pegg and Edgar Wright considered writing a sequel to the film that would’ve replaced zombies with another monster. But, they ultimately decided against it, as they thought too many characters perished in the original to continue the narrative. The proposed title for this sequel was; From Dusk Till Shaun. Humorously, a mocked-up poster can be seen for the film in Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse, released in 2018, a film that takes place in an alternate reality.

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Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022)

All of the visual effects throughout the critically acclaimed, universe-hopping comedy-drama; Everything Everywhere All at Once, were completed by nine people (including the two directors), with most of the visual effects accomplished by a core group of only five individuals. Moreover, none of the visual effects team academically learnt visual effects, they were all friends who simply taught themselves how to create convincing effects with tutorials they found online for free.

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Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003)

In the swashbuckling blockbuster; Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl, Johnny Depp’s beloved character, Captain Jack Sparrow, is shown to have gold teeth, these gold teeth were actually Depp’s idea. However, Depp predicted that the film’s executives would desire fewer gold teeth, so he instructed his dentist to implant more gold teeth in his mouth as a bargaining tool. Jack’s final number of gold teeth in the film was what Depp had envisioned all along for the money-hungry pirate.

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The Iron Giant (1999) – Film Review

“It’s Bad to Kill. Guns Kill. And You Don’t Have to Be a Gun. You Are What You Choose to Be…” – Hogarth Hughes

Partially based on the novel; The Iron Man by Ted Hughes, 1999’s The Iron Giant is an incredible achievement in both storytelling and animation. Tackling ambitious themes and complex animation techniques for the time through its near-seamless blend of hand-drawn and CG animation, The Iron Giant is a captivating and uplifting animated sci-fi adventure with plenty of humour and heart entrenched in its story. And while perhaps not the peak of director Brad Bird’s filmography, with The IncrediblesRatatouille and Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol all serving as stiff competition. As far as directorial debuts go, The Iron Giant was undoubtedly a curtain-raiser for Bird and his team.

Plot Summary: When a massive metal automaton, sent from somewhere in the black void of outer space, crash-lands on Earth just outside the small town of Rockwell, Maine. Eleven-year-old, Hogarth Hughes, stumbles across the android and quickly strikes up a friendship with the giant. But, unbeknownst to Hogarth, U.S. government agent, Kent Mansley, has his sights set on finding the extraterrestrial visitor and will stop at nothing to ensure its destruction…

Whilst The Iron Giant bears little resemblance to the novel it’s based upon, the stories behind both the novel and the film’s creation are tragic yet fascinating. As originally, the author of the novel, Ted Hughes, wrote the story as a way of comforting his children after the suicide of their mother, Sylvia Plath. Similarly, Brad Bird was in part inspired to adapt the novel as a memorial to his sister, Susan Bird, emphasising the anti-gun message of the story as she was shot by her estranged husband in a murder-suicide in 1989. His initial pitch was this; “What if a Gun Had a Soul and Didn’t Want to be a Gun?” And even if the title of the adaptation (and subsequently the titular character’s name), was later changed to The Iron Giant to avoid confusion with the renowned comic book character, Iron Man. This underlying theme has always been associated with the character and is weaved into the narrative exceptionally.

The main voice cast of Eli Marienthal, Jennifer Aniston, Harry Connick Jr., and Christopher McDonald all do a fantastic job as the central clump of well-defined characters, portraying them as surprisingly grounded personalities for an animated flick. However, the most significant member of the cast has to be Vin Diesel as the Iron Giant himself. Sharing similarities with his later role as Groot/Baby Groot in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, Diesel only speaks a total of fifty-three words throughout the entire runtime, excluding yells and groans. Yet, even with these limited lines, Diesel provides the enormous android with a suitably weighty voice and plenty of amusing/endearing moments.

On account of The Iron Giant being the first traditionally animated film to feature a principal character that is entirely computer-generated, there are a few scenes where cracks have begun to form in the animation and the animated cinematography. However, for the most part, the visuals on display throughout The Iron Giant are magnificent as the film contains an extensive amount of vibrant and alluring shots that meld both animation techniques. Many of these shots also make superb use of the remote, coastal setting of Rockwell, as well as the 1950s time period.

The original score by the late Michael Kamen is largely superior to a number of other orchestral scores for animated family flicks, with the acclaimed track; No Following, standing as a beautiful yet heart-rending composition that considerably enriches the final act. Further tracks, such as The Eye of the Storm and Souls Don’t Die, are pleasant to listen to and serve their purpose within the story, despite not being particularly memorable.

Another noteworthy aspect of The Iron Giant is how the film takes inspiration from classic sci-fi films of the 1950s. Intentionally playing into many of the staples of the science fiction genre around that time, including the widespread fears of nuclear war and Earth being invaded by creatures from another world. This ’50s inspiration even extends to the character designs with the appearance of the Iron Giant himself, who is instantly recognisable as a result of his atomic-age headpiece. Furthermore, the tentacles that emerge from the Iron Giant’s back during the final act are an unmistakable visual homage to one of the most well-known extraterrestrial films in cinematic history; The War of the Worlds, released in 1953.

In summary, whilst it still saddens me that The Iron Giant was such a box office failure upon its initial release, only grossing around £19 million on an estimated budget of £58 million. I am delighted that the film has gone on to become such a cult classic, predominately through positive word-of-mouth, no less. Releasing on August 6th, 1999, the same day as The Sixth SenseThe Iron Giant was commercially overshadowed immediately out of the gate. Moreover, following the success of Toy Story in 1995, The Iron Giant was released at a time when hand-drawn animation was being superseded by CGI. So much so, that Warner Bros. Pictures was in the process of shutting down its traditional animation division during the film’s production. And yet, The Iron Giant still flourished in spite of all these obstacles, which, in my opinion, is a testament to the efforts of Brad Bird and his masterful team of animators and creatives. Rating: low 8/10.

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The Blair Witch Project (1999) – Film Review

Upon its initial release, the original ‘Blair Witch Project’ blew many audiences away with its realistic depiction of found-footage horror, subsequently leading many audience members to believe that the events they were watching on-screen actually took place, making for a truly terrifying experience. However, now, many years after its first appearance, the film’s reputation has significantly altered with both critics and audiences alike, as ‘The Blair Witch Project’ is definitely a film that lies outside of the usual horror clichés.

Plot Summary: When three student filmmakers travel to Burkittsville, Maryland, in attempt to produce a documentary based around the local urban legend of ‘The Blair Witch,’ they mysteriously disappear after traveling into the nearby Black Hills Forest, leaving only their footage behind to be discovered one year later…

Whilst ‘The Blair Witch Project’ wasn’t the original found-footage horror film, with the infamous exploitation flick; ‘Cannibal Holocaust,’ first introducing the horror subgenre in 1980. ‘The Blair Witch Project’ was the first film to popularise the found-footage concept, as this film was at one point in time in the ‘Guinness Book of World Records’ for the largest box-office ratio, as the low-budget film only had a budget of around £45,000 and made back over £189 million, quickly spawning an inconsistent horror franchise despite the film’s only partially complete backstory for its creature and setting.

The three main cast members of Heather Donahue, Joshua Leonard, and Michael C. Williams (who all share their real names with their characters), are all tremendous throughout the film, as while their character’s don’t receive nowhere near as much development as they should considering how much screen-time we spend with them, each one of the actors do give the impression they are becoming more tormented and frustrated the longer they remain in the Black Hills Forest. The main reason the film’s protagonists don’t receive much characterisation, however, is actually due to the film’s production itself, as with the film not focusing very heavily on story, the actors were given no more than a thirty-five page outline of plot points rather than a full screenplay. So, as filming continued, the cast just played out various scenes, only having little knowledge of the mythology behind ‘The Blair Witch’ and improvising the vast majority of their lines.

Practically the entirety of the cinematography by Neal L. Fredericks is exactly what you’d expect from a found-footage horror, featuring an abundance of both shaky and out-of-focus shots, further adding to the idea that just behind the lens is a group of amateur student filmmakers (with some scenes even being shot by the cast themselves). In addition to the hand-held camerawork, the film’s visuals are also quite distinctive when it comes to its visual quality, as throughout the duration of the film, many shots remain incredibly grainy and occasionally even switch to a completely greyscale colour palette, which again, whilst adding to the realism of the film being a no-budget student documentary, does ensure the absence of any genuinely attractive shots.

Although it’s only heard during the film’s atmospheric end credits, ‘The Blair Witch Project’ does actually have an original score composed by Antonio Cora, but obviously being a found-footage horror, the film mostly aims to please with its sound design, as the sounds of crackling leaves and chirping birds are heard continuously. Interestingly, many of the eerie branch-cracking sounds heard at night even being made by the director and his friends simply walking up to the cast’s camp-perimeter and then tossing around twigs, rocks, and branches in various directions.

The main aspect that many will either admire or despise about ‘The Blair Witch Project,’ is its previously mentioned focus on realism and minimalist storytelling, as while the film does utilise its forest setting very effectively throughout the runtime, many who may be expecting a thrilling final act or possibly even a glimpse at ‘The Blair Witch’ herself will be greatly disappointed, as due to the story’s constant emphasis on realism, the film never actually provides any genuine evidence of the supernatural, with many of the film’s tense moments mostly relying on the darkness of the woods or the belligerent quarreling between the characters.

In summary, ‘The Blair Witch Project’ is certainly a fascinating horror film even if it isn’t always a successful one. As, to this day, this found-footage indie flick is a very divisive film for horror fans, with a 86% score on Rotten Tomatoes, the film has the highest-rating of any film that was also nominated for a Razzie Award for Worst Picture. So, even with the cast’s impactful performances and ‘The Blair Witch’ herself being an intriguing urban legend, this is one horror that really depends on your personal taste. For myself, while I find the film far from perfect and considerably less compelling than many other iconic horrors, I can appreciate what this experimental piece of filmmaking (and its marketing) was trying to accomplish, and for that, I feel it’s worth at least one viewing for any fan of the genre. Final Rating: 6/10.

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Beautiful Shots in Cinema – Film List

Throughout history, there have been many captivating shots in cinema that inventively visualise the stories they are illustrating, thoroughly enthralling the audience in their stories by combing imaginative framing/composition with an attractive colour palette and exceptional lighting. Some shots even go so far as to convey the narrative behind a certain character, item or location merely through a single image, becoming commemorated in the annuals of cinema for decades to come. Here are a few of my personal favourites…

Blade Runner 2049 (2017) – Cinematographer, Roger Deakins

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The Matrix (1999) – Cinematographer, Bill Pope

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Jaws (1975) Cinematographer, Bill Butler

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Psycho (1960) – Cinematographer, John L. Russell

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Pulp Fiction (1994) – Cinematographer, Andrzej Sekula

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Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) – Cinematographer, Douglas Slocombe

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The Revenant (2016) – Cinematographer, Emmanuel Lubezki

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American Beauty (1999) – Cinematographer, Conrad Hall

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Kill Bill Vol. 1 (2003) – Cinematographer, Robert Richardson

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Don’t Breathe (2016) – Cinematographer, Pedro Luque

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Guardians of the Galaxy (2014) – Cinematographer, Ben Davis

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Annihilation (2018) – Cinematographers, Rob Hardy and Robert Hardy

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Interstellar (2014) Cinematographer, Hoyte Van Hoytema

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American Psycho (2000) Cinematographer, Andrzej Sekuła

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The Shape of Water (2017) Cinematographer, Dan Laustsen

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E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) Cinematographer, Allen Daviau

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2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) – Cinematographers, Geoffrey Unsworth and John Alcott

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The Road (2009) Cinematographer, Javier Aguirresarobe

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Life of Pi (2012) Cinematographer, Claudio Miranda

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Fight Club (1999) Cinematographer, Jeff Cronenweth

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The Shining (1980) – Cinematographers, John Alcott and Martin Kenzie

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Scott Pilgrim vs. The World (2010) – Cinematographer, Bill Pope

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A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984) – Cinematographer, Jacques Haitkin

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The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001) – Cinematographer, Andrew Lesnie

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Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) (2014) – Cinematographer, Emmanuel Lubezki

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